The Pasteur Institute (Institut Pasteur) was established by and named for French scientist Louis Pasteur on June 4, 1887, in Paris, France. The Institute officially opened on November 14, 1888. Since its founding, the Institute has made numerous contributions to the study and treatment of infectious diseases, including treatments for diphtheria; the identification of yersinia pestis, the bacterium that caused the Black Death in the fourteenth century; vaccines for tuberculosis, typhoid, yellow fever, and polio; the function of the immune system; and the discovery of the two human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) that cause AIDS. Researchers affiliated with the Pasteur Institute have won a total of 10 Nobel Prizes. Today, additional Pasteur Institutes and partner institutions around the world continue to conduct microbiological and medical research.